Systems for dead-reckoning navigation and for simulation of instrumental error - Concepts

Navigational system for manned lunar vehicles is intended for travel totaling 30 km within 5 km of home base, total distance traveled must be indicated with 2 percent accuracy. Hardware includes two two-degrees-of-freedom gyroscopes, odometers, tachometers, and signal processing equipment

Characteristics of Sunset radar

Located in a narrow canyon 15 km west of Boulder, Colorado, the Sunset pulsed Doppler radar was the first radar designed and constructed specifically as a VHF ST radar. The antenna system is a phased array of coaxial-colinear dopoles with computer-controlled phase shifters for each line of dipoles. It operates at a frequency of 40.475 MHz and a wavelength of 7.41M. Peak transmitter power is 100 kW. Aperture efficiency is 0.58 and resistive loss is 0.30 for its 3600 sq m area. The practical steering rate is 1 record/minute/position to any arbitrary antenna beam position. The first clear-air turbulence echoes and wind velocity measurements were obtained in 1974. Significant accomplishments are listed

An example of scaling MST Doppler spectra using median spectra, spectral smoothing, and velocity tracing

Although automatic, computer scaling methods appeared at the start of the MST (mesosphere stratosphere troposphere) radar technique, there is a continuing need for scaling algorithms that perform editing functions and increase the sensitivity of radar by post processing. The scaling method presented is an adaptation of the method of scaling MST Doppler spectra presented by Rastogi (1984). A brief overview of this method is as follows: a median spectrum is calculated from several sequential spectra; the median noise value is subtracted from this derived spectrum; the median spectrum is smoothed; the detection/nondetection decision is made by comparing the smoothed spectrum to the variance of the smoothed noise; and if a signal is detected, then the half-power points of the smoothed echo spectrum are used to place limits on the evaluation of the first two moments of the unsmoothed median spectrum. In all of the above steps, the algorithm is guided by tracing the expected velocity range upward from the lowest range as far as possible. The method is discussed in more detail

Range gate dependence of specular echoes

Some controversy has surrounded the interpretation of the enhancement of VHF radar echoes at vertical incidence (also known as partial reflections, specular reflections and Fresnel scattering) since they were reported by the Sunset and the SOUSY radars. There is little doubt as to the observational fact of this enhancement since it was observed by experimenters using at least eleven MST or ST radars. In addition to the Sunset and SOUSY radars, this result was obtained in the lower atmosphere at the Platteville, Poker Flat, Jicamarca Arecibo radars as well as the three radars of the ALPEX experiments. In the upper atmosphere, specular or partial reflections were observed. These vertical enhancements were associated with increases in the static stability of the atmosphere, with a temperature gradient in the stratosphere, were used to monitor the height of the tropopause, and were associated with the passage of fronts

An algorithmic approach to resolutions

We provide an algorithmic method for constructing projective resolutions of modules over quotients of path algebras. This algorithm is modified to construct minimal projective resolutions of linear modules over Koszul algebras

The new space and Earth science information systems at NASA's archive

The on-line interactive systems of the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) are examined. The worldwide computer network connections that allow access to NSSDC users are outlined. The services offered by the NSSDC new technology on-line systems are presented, including the IUE request system, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data, and data sets on astrophysics, atmospheric science, land sciences, and space plasma physics. Plans for future increases in the NSSDC data holdings are considered

Space data management at the NSSDC (National Space Sciences Data Center): Applications for data compression

The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC), established in 1966, is the largest archive for processed data from NASA's space and Earth science missions. The NSSDC manages over 120,000 data tapes with over 4,000 data sets. The size of the digital archive is approximately 6,000 gigabytes with all of this data in its original uncompressed form. By 1995 the NSSDC digital archive is expected to more than quadruple in size reaching over 28,000 gigabytes. The NSSDC digital archive is expected to more than quadruple in size reaching over 28,000 gigabytes. The NSSDC is beginning several thrusts allowing it to better serve the scientific community and keep up with managing the ever increasing volumes of data. These thrusts involve managing larger and larger amounts of information and data online, employing mass storage techniques, and the use of low rate communications networks to move requested data to remote sites in the United States, Europe and Canada. The success of these thrusts, combined with the tremendous volume of data expected to be archived at the NSSDC, clearly indicates that innovative storage and data management solutions must be sought and implemented. Although not presently used, data compression techniques may be a very important tool for managing a large fraction or all of the NSSDC archive in the future. Some future applications would consist of compressing online data in order to have more data readily available, compress requested data that must be moved over low rate ground networks, and compress all the digital data in the NSSDC archive for a cost effective backup that would be used only in the event of a disaster

FOOD DISTRIBUTION RESEARCH APPROACHES FOR THE 1970'S: CURRENT LIMITATIONS OF EDP

The author points out some of the limitations in EDP in site location or other research and management situations.Marketing,

Multiserial and special multiserial algebras and their representations

In this paper we study multiserial and special multiserial algebras. These algebras are a natural generalization of biserial and special biserial algebras to algebras of wild representation type. We define a module to be multiserial if its radical is the sum of uniserial modules whose pairwise intersection is either 0 or a simple module. We show that all finitely generated modules over a special multiserial algebra are multiserial. In particular, this implies that, in analogy to special biserial algebras being biserial, special multiserial algebras are multiserial. We then show that the class of symmetric special multiserial algebras coincides with the class of Brauer configuration algebras, where the latter are a generalization of Brauer graph algebras. We end by showing that any symmetric algebra with radical cube zero is special multiserial and so, in particular, it is a Brauer configuration algebra.Comment: Minor revision, to appear in Advances in Mathematic